●1564-1616 シェークスピア　　英単語・名文句を量産 した巨人 

シェークスピア以前：Norman Conquest 以降、王侯貴族など支配階級はフランス語を話していた。書く(知的階級)のはラテン語。英語(庶民の言語)を書き言葉として好まなかった  

シェークスピアはなんと"(early) modern English"の部類になる。発音も母音転移後なので、今日の英語に近い

現代英語の基礎は、シェークスピアの時代に築かれた

およそ二千語と無数のフレーズ　　　　

関連ページ　英語の歴史

■「ロミオとジュリエット」　あの名場面を拾い読み　名文句集

●甘い悲しみ　"sweet sorrow"

　有名なoxymoron（矛盾語法）の一つ：

"Good night, good night! 

Parting is such sweet sorrow, 

that I shall say good night till it be morrow."

　これはシェークスピアの『ロミオとジュリエット』でジュリエットが、切ないが甘くもある、おやすみの挨拶をする言葉（表現は昔の英語）。直訳すると
「おやすみなさい、おやすみなさい！　別れってなんて甘い悲しみなの、明日になるまでの挨拶をするのって」
　明日までの別れがあるからこそ、恋はかえって燃えるのでしょうか。

Juliet by Philip Hermogenes Calderon (1888)

●ロマンチックなバルコニーのシーン(伊藤サム訳2009/7/22)

----------------------------------
JULIET: O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.
(あぁロミオ、ロミオ！　どうして貴方は <わが一族の敵ファミリーの>ロミオなの？
貴方の父を否定し、名前を拒否してくださいな。
お嫌ならば、私への愛を誓ってくだされば、
私はもうキャピュレットではありませんわ)

近くに隠れていたロミオは、迷います。
ROMEO: Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?
(もっと聞こうか、それとも返事をしようか？)

JULIET: 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet.
(私の敵なのは、貴方の名前だけ。
貴方は貴方、モンタギューではなくても。
モンタギューって何？　手ではないし、足でもないし、
腕でも、顔でも、その他の体の部分でもない。
あぁ、他の名前になって！
名前には、何があるというの？　私たちがバラと呼ぶものは、
他のどんな名前で呼んでも、同じように甘く香るわ)
----------------------------------

特に有名な部分が、

That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.

(私たちがバラと呼ぶものは、他のどんな名前で呼んでも、同じように甘く香るわ)
です。

First Folio (1623)

First Folio (1623)

■ロミオとジュリエット　注釈サイト

Royal Shakespeare Company  KEY MOMENTS AND FACTS

　"90% of the play is in verse, with only 10% in prose. It contains some of Shakespeare's most beautiful poetry, including the sonnet Romeo and Juliet share when they first meet." 
  "Juliet is only 13 at the time she meets and marries Romeo, but we never learn his exact age."  
  "Romeo and Juliet, alongside Hamlet, is probably Shakespeare's most performed play and has also been adapted in many forms."
  "Like King Lear, the play was adapted by Nahum Tate, changing the story to give it a happy ending."

Romeo and Juliet　Shakespeare.online

■ロミオとジュリエット　名シーン

Royal Shakespeare Company  Famous Quotesなどより

A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.
(Chorus, Prologue)

My bounty is as boundless as the sea,
My love as deep: the more I give to thee,
The more I have, for both are infinite. 
(Romeo and Juliet, Act 2 Scene 1)

But, soft, what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
(Romeo, Act 2 Scene 1)

O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?
(Juliet, Act 2 Scene 1)

That which we call a rose 
By any other word would smell as sweet.
(Juliet, Act 2 Scene 1)

Parting is such sweet sorrow.
(Juliet, Act 2 Scene 1)



Romeo, Romeo, Romeo! Here's drink: I drink to thee.
(Juliet, Act 4 Scene 3)

O true apothecary, 
Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. 
(Romeo, Act 5 Scene 3)

O happy dagger, 
This is thy sheath: there rust, and let me die.
(Juliet, Act 5 Scene 3)

All are punished.
(Prince, Act 5 Scene 3)

For never was a story of more woe 
Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.
(Prince, Act 5 Scene 3)

■シェークスピアが量産した英単語・名文句

およそ二千語と無数のフレーズ　　　　

●シェークスピアの単語例

addiction advertising amazement　arouse assassination backing bandit bedroom　 birthplace blanket bloodstained blushing bet bump buzzer　 champion circumstantial 

cold comfort (The Taming of the Shrew / King John)

cold-blooded, compromise courtship countless critic critical, dawn discontent downstairs, dwindle, elbow excitement　exposure eyeball, eyesore, 

faint hearted (I Henry VI)

fashionable fixture flawed　frugal generous gloomy gossip hint hobnob hoodwinked　 hurried impede　impartial inaudible,　 invulnerable,  label lackluster　laughable laughing stock,　 leapfrog, lonely lower luggage lustrous madcap, majestic, marketable mimic　monumental mountaineer negotiate noiseless　obscene, ode olympian outbreak　 premeditated radiance　rant remorseless, salad days, savagery scuffle secure　「skim milk」　 softhearted, submerge summit swagger tongue-tied　torture　tranquil undress unreal varied worthless

出典
Mabillard, Amanda. Words Shakespeare Invented Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2000. (28 Aug. 2013) < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/wordsinvented.html >　などによる

●シェークスピアの表現例

All our yesterdays (Macbeth)

All that glitters is not gold (The Merchant of Venice)("glisters")

All's well that ends well (title)

As good luck would have it (The Merry Wives of Windsor)

Better foot before ("best foot forward") (King John)

Break the ice (The Taming of the Shrew)

Breathed his last (3 Henry VI)

Brevity is the soul of wit (Hamlet)

Refuse to budge an inch (Measure for Measure / Taming of the Shrew)

Come what come may ("come what may") (Macbeth)


I must be cruel only to be kind
flesh and blood
in a fool's paradise

Forever and a day (As You Like It)

For goodness' sake (Henry VIII)

Foregone conclusion (Othello)

Full circle (King Lear)

foul play
the game is up
Good riddance (Troilus and Cressida)


green-eyed jealousy
It was Greek to me (Julius Caesar)
it is high time

Household words (Henry V)

In my mind's eye (Hamlet)

Infinite space (Hamlet)

It is but so-so (As You Like It)
Knock knock! Who's there? (Macbeth)


Laughing stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor)

Lie low (Much Ado about Nothing)

Love is blind (Merchant of Venice)

The Makings of (Henry VIII)

Melted into thin air (The Tempest)

Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows (The Tempest)

Naked truth (Love's Labours Lost)
neither here nor there
Not slept one wink (Cymbeline)

[Obvious] as a nose on a man's face (The Two Gentlemen of Verona)
One fell swoop (Macbeth)

Out of the jaws of death (Twelfth Night)

Parting is such sweet sorrow (Romeo and Juliet)

[What] a piece of work [is man] (Hamlet)

Pitched battle (Taming of the Shrew)

Salad days (Antony and Cleopatra)

Sea change (The Tempest) seen better days
Send packing (I Henry IV)
The short and the long of it (The Merry Wives of Windsor)

Snail paced (Troilus and Cressida)

Something in the wind (The Comedy of Errors)

Spotless reputation (Richard II)
Star-crossed lovers (Romeo and Juliet)

Such stuff as dreams are made on (The Tempest)
There's no such thing (?) (Macbeth)

at one fell swoop
Too much of a good thing (As You Like It)


a tower of strength
Truth will out (The Merchant of Venice)
Tut, tut! 

What the dickens (The Merry Wives of Windsor)

What's done is done (Macbeth)

What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. (Romeo and Juliet)
not one wink

出典
Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare　　　
The Story of English, p.145,
"Coined by Shakespeare" (Jeffrey McQuain and Stanley Malless, Merriam-Webster, 1998) などによる

■シェークスピア　そのほかの作品

Shakespeare全集 

Shakespeare and the Internet  Study Guideリンク集つき

Shakespeare's texts in original spelling　

作品の古い台本などの画像は　www.library.upenn.edu/ のElectronic Libraryにある。Hamlet　Act III Folio 1623 →

シェイクスピア劇に登場する土地をGoogle Earthで見るファイル　89 placemarks showing almost all the places quoted in Shakespearan plays

シェイクスピアって、おもしろい  　(「こどものための〜」シリーズ  Shakespeare Can Be Fun こどものためのカナダの小学生用絵本に日本語訳を付けた本)

Shakespeare kids 子供用　　　 

Shakespeare 洋書

Shakespeare　注　(注釈本)

Shakespeare 和書

Shakespeare Penguin Readers

Shakespeare Modern English

Shakespeare easy  ("Shakespeare Made Easy"シリーズなど)

Shakespeare annotated  注釈付き

マンガ・シェークスピアが登場
イギリスの出版社が、イギリスの漫画家を起用してシェークスピア劇をマンガにしました。英語は現代語訳ではなく原典の本格派。イギリスではマンガが浸透、多くの書店にマンガコーナーができています。絵は日本の少女マンガにそっくり、せりふは吹き出しの中に書かれています。　JT06/9/15p3
Manga Shakespeare　　　　　　　なお、週刊STでも独自のManga Shakespeareを07/3/16まで毎月4ページ連載。

Shakespeare manga

　

■出典・リンク

ロミオとジュリエット　(音楽付き解説：レスピーギ「リュートのための古典舞曲とアリア」より“シシリアーナ”)

StagePlay 対訳

声に出して文句を言いたい日本語（４）　坪内逍遥訳がふりがな付きで

William Shakespeare Selected Quotes 

●古典文学（=ネイティブにも難解）　学生用の注釈　study guides

CliffsNotes www.cliffsnotes.com 一部無料

SparkNotes www.sparknotes.com 無料

 Barrons Book Notes http://barronsbooknotes.com 

Biblomania www.bibliomania.com